History of the Classical Era of Ancient Greece

History of the Classical Era of Ancient Greece

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Perspective

The Classical Era of ancient Greece existed in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, from the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. It followed the Greek Dark Ages and Archaic period and was followed by the Hellenistic kingdoms created by Alexander. Ancient Greece gained increased freedom from the Persian Empire, and democratic Athens flourished at its the peak. But the Peloponnesian Wars and the expansion of Macedonia under Philip II kept Greece in turmoil. In terms of art, architecture, and culture, the Classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BCE. Much of its early politics, artistry in architecture and sculpture, its scientific thought, its theatre and literature, and its philosophy was foundational for Western civilization, and went on to have a powerful influence on the later Roman Empire. The Classical era ended when Philip II unified the Greek world against the common enemy of the Persian Empire, which was conquered a few years later by Alexander.

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Index

Classical Era Index • Culture • Arts • Architecture: Acropolis • Attica • Temple of Zeus • Erechtheion • Lysippus of Sikyon • Mausoleum of Mausolus • Parthenon • Praxiteles • Skopas • Temples: Fourth Century • Fifth Century • Third Temple of Artemis | Reconstruction of Athens | Drama: Aeschylus: Plays | Aristophanes: Comic Drama • Plays • Radicals • Athenian Drama • Comedy • Dionysian Theatre: Acting • Audiences • Performances • Theaters | Euripides: The Philosopher • Plays A-E • Plays F – Z • Exile | Sophocles: Plays • Tragedy: Choruses | Prime Movers • Sources • Literature • Comedy • Historiography: Herodotus • Thucydides • Xenophon • Odes • Music • Dance • Instruments | Painting: Fourth Century • Polygnotus of Thasos | Philosophy • Early Philosophy: Aristotle: The Philosopher • The Teacher • The Statesman | Plato: The Academy • Beliefs • The Artist • The Lawmaker • The Metaphysicist • The Moralist • The Utopian | Socrates: The Philosopher • The Teacher • Death | Philosophy and Religion: Empedocles • Idealists • Materialists • Pythagoras • Sophism: Athens • Hippias of Elis • Protagoras • Legacy | Philosophy and Science: Archytas • Diocles • Eudoxus • Geography • Heraclides of Pontus | Pottery: Vases | Rhetoric: Athenian Orators • Isocrates: Discourses | Apex | Politicians | Sculpture: Fifth Century BCE and Older • Fourth Century | Science and Technology: Prime Movers • Astronomy: Anaxagoras | Earth Sciences | Mathematics: Arithmetic • Geometry • Medicine • Anatomy and Physiology • Hippocrates • Secular Medicine • Surgery

Classical Era

Classical Era: Index

Classical Greek culture

Culture

Classical Greek arts

Culture: Arts

Architecture

Classical Era | architecture | Attica

Architecture: Attica

\Classical Era | architecture: Erechtheion

Architecture: Erechtheion

Lyssipus of Sikyon

Architecture: Lysippus of Sikyon

Classical Greek architecture | temples

Architecture: Temples

Classical Era | temples | 5th century BCE

Temples: Fifth Century BCE

Classical Greek architecture | temples | fourth century BCE

Temples: Fourth Century BCE

Third Temple of Artemis

Temples: Third Temple of Artemis

Drama

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama

Culture: Drama

Aeschylus | plays

Aeschylus: Plays

Aristophanes | drama

Drama: Aristophanes

Aristophanes | comic drama

Aristophanes: Comic Drama

Aristophanes | plays

Aristophanes: Plays

Aristophanes | radicals

Aristophanes: Radicals

Athenian drama

Drama: Athenian Drama

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | comedy

Drama: Comedy

Dionysian Theatre | acting

Dionysian Theatre: Acting

Dionysian Theatre | audience

Dionysian Theatre: Audiences

Dionysian Theatre | performances

Dionysian Theatre: Performances

Dionysisn Theatre | theaters

Dionysian Theatre: Theaters

Euripides

Drama: Euripides

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama | Euripiudes | The Philosopher

Euripides: The Philosopher

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama | Euripides | plays A - E

Euripides: Plays A – E

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama | Euripides | plays F - Z

Euripides: Plays F – Z

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama | Euripides | exile

Euripides: Exile

Sophocles

Drama: Sophocles

Sophocles | plays

Sophocles: Plays

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama | tragedy

Drama: Tragedy

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama | tragedy | choruses

Tragedy: Choruses

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama | tragedy | prime movers

Tragedy: Prime Movers

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | drama | tragedy | sources

Tragedy: Sources

Literature

Classical Greek literature

Culture: Literature

Classical Greek literature | comedy

Literature: Comedy

Classical Greek historiography

Literature: Historiography

Herodotus

Historiography: Herodotus

Thucydides

Historiography: Thucydides

Xenophon

Historiography: Xenophon

Music

Classical Greek music

Culture: Music

Classical Greek dance

Music: Dance

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | music | instruments

Music: Instruments

Painting

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | painting

Culture: Painting

Classical Greek painting | fourth century

Painting: Fourth Century BCE

Polygnotus of Thasos

Painting: Polygnotus of Thasos

Philosophy

Classical Greek philosophy

Culture: Philosophy

early Classical Greek philosophy

Philosophy: Early

Aristotle | the Teacher

Aristotle: The Teacher

Plato

Philosophy: Plato

Plato | the Academy

Plato: The Academy

Plato | beliefs

Plato: Beliefs

Plato | the Artist

Plato: The Artist

Plato | the Lawmaker

Plato: The Lawmaker

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy | Plato | the Metaphysicist

Plato: The Metaphysicist

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy | Plato | the Moralist

Plato: The Moralist

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy | Plato | the Utopian

Plato: The Utopian

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy | Socrates | the Philosopher

Socrates: The Philosopher

Socrates | the Teacher

Socrates: The Teacher

death of Socrates

Socrates: Death

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy and religion

Philosophy: Philosophy and Religion

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy and religion | Idealists

Philosophy and Religion: Idealists

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy and religion | Materialists

Philosophy and Religion: Materialists

Pythagoras

Philosophy and Religion: Pythagoras

Sophism

Philosophy and Religion: Sophism

Sophism in Athens

Sophism: Athens

Hippias of Elis

Sophism: Hippias of Elis

Protagoras

Sophism: Protagoras

Sophism | legacy

Sophism: Legacy

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy and science

Philosophy and Science

Archytas

Philosophy and Science: Archytas

Diocles

Philosophy and Science: Diocles

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | philosophy and science | geography

Philosophy and Science: Geography

Heraclides of Pontus

Philosophy and Science: Heraclides of Pontus

Pottery

Classical Era Greek pottery

Culture: Pottery

Classical Greek vases

Pottery: Vases

Rhetoric

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | rhetoric

Culture: Rhetoric

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | rhetoric | Athenian orators

Rhetoric: Athenian Orators

Isocrates

Rhetoric: Isocrates

Isocrates | discourses

Isocrates: Discourses

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | rhetoric | apex

Rhetoric: Apex

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | rhetoric | politicians

Rhetoric: Politicians

Sculpture

Classical Greek sculpture

Culture: Sculpture

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | sculpture | fifth century BCE snd older

Sculpture: Fifth Century BCE and Older

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | sculpture | fourth century BCE

Sculpture: Fourth Century BCE

Science and Technology

Classical Greek science and technology

Culture: Science and Technology

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | science and technology | prime movers

Science and Technology: Prime Movers

Classical Greek astronomy

Science and Technology: Astronomy

Anaxagoras

Astronomy: Anaxagoras

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | earth sciences

Science and Technology: Earth Sciences

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | mathematics

Science and Technology: Mathematics

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | mathematics | arithmetic

Mathematics: Arithmetic

Classical Greek anatomy and physiology

Medicine: Anatomy and Physiology

Hippocrates

Medicine: Hippocrates

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | secular medicine

Medicine: Secular Medicine

history of Ancient Greece | Classical Era | surgery

Medicine: Surgery