History of Colonial Africa


History of Colonial Africa


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Perspective


The history of colonial Africa began with the arrival of the Portuguese. They were the first Europeans to enter the slave trade in the late 15th century. They traded for slaves at first, and for 400 years, they limited their involvement to trading stations on the African coast. From there, they sent slaves to Europe, often as household servants, and later to Brazil as plantation slaves. Few slave traders dared venture inland from the coast, deterred by disease and hostile tribes in the interior. But technology helped to overcome these obstacles. Increasingly lethal weaponry was developed that included repeating rifles, the Maxim machine gun, and artillery. And the discovery in 1854 of quinine provided an effective preventative of malaria. Diseases such as yellow fever, sleeping sickness, leprosy, yaws, and most of all, malaria, made Africa a very challenging environment for Europeans.

There were compelling motives for Europe’s conquest of Africa. Raw materials were needed for the industries of the Industrial Revolution. The prestige of owning African colonies showed strength to rivals, and missionaries spread Christianity. This culminated in the Scramble for Africa among European empires in the 19th century, whether for raw materials, strategic prominence, or as part of an effort to develop enduring colonies.


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Index

Colonial Africa Index | Society: European PrimaryChange | Religion: ChristianitySpirit ChurchesIslam in Africa: Jihad | Power: GovernanceEconomic and Social ChangeScramble for Africa: France and BritainResistance | Slavery: Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeKingdom of AsanteKingdom of Dahomey Kingdom of Kongo Kingdom of NdongoKingdom of OyoEnd to the Slave Trade | Pre-World War I | World War II | British Colonies | Challenge to Colonial Rule | Shaka ZuluIndependence Movements | Pan-Africanism | African National Congress | Economy | East Africa: Power: PolitiesProgression | Ethiopia: ReligionPower: RevivalDisintegration | Kenya | Central Africa | North Africa | Southern Africa: SocietyPower: ColonizationMoshoeshoe | West Africa



history of Colonial Africa

Colonial Africa: Index

history of Colonial Africa | society

Society

history of Colonial Africa | European primacy

Society: European Primacy

history of Colonial Africa | change

Society: Change

history of Colonial Africa | religion

Religion

spirit churches

Religion: Spirit Churches

Christianity in colonial Africa

Religion: Christianity

Up to Index

Islam in Africa

Religion: Islam in Africa

history of Colonial Africa | religion | Islam | jihad

Islam in Africa: Jihad

history of Colonial Africa | power

Power

history of Colonial Africa | governance

Power: Governance

history of Colonial Africa | social and economic change

Power: Social and Economic Change

Up to Index

Scramble for Africa

Power: Scramble for Africa

Scramble for Africa | France and Britain

Scramble for Africa: France and Britain

Scramble for Africa | resistance

Scramble for Africa: Resistance

history of Colonial Africa | slavery

Power: Slavery

transatlantic slave trade

Slavery: Transatlantic Slave Trade

slavery in the Kingdom of Asante

Slavery: Kingdom of Asante

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slavery in the Kingdom of Dahomey

Slavery: Kingdom of Dahomey

slavery in the Kingdom of Kongo

Slavery: Kingdom of Kongo

slavery in the Kingdom of Ndongo

Slavery: Kingdom of Ndongo

slavery in the Kingdom of Oyo

Slavery: Kingdom of Oyo

end of the slave trade

Slavery: End of the Slave Trade

history of Colonial Africa | pre-WorldWar I

Power: Colonial Rule Pre-World War I

Up to Index

history of Colonial Africa | World War II

Power: World War II

history of Colonial Africa | British colonies

Power: British Colonies

history of Colonial Africa | challenge to colonial rule

Power: Challenge to Colonial Rule

Shaka Zulu

Power: Shaka Zulu

history of Colonial Africa | independence movements | Africa

Power: Independence Movements

history of Colonial Africa | Pan-Africanism

Power: Pan-Africanism

Up to Index

African National Congress

Power: African National Congress

history of Colonial Africa | economy

Economy

history of Colonial Africa | East Africa

East Africa

history of Colonial Africa | East Africa | power

East Africa: Power

history of Colonial Africa | polities

Power: Polities

history of Colonial Africa | progression of power

Power: Progression

Up to Index

history of Colonial Africa | Ethiopia

East Africa: Ethiopia

history of Colonial Africa | Ethiopia | religion

Ethiopia: Religion

history of Colonial Africa | Ethiopia | power

Ethiopia: Power

history of Colonial Africa | Ethiopia | revival of power

Power: Revival

history of Colonial Africa | disintegration

Power: Disintegration

history of Colonial Africa | Kenya

East Africa: Kenya

Up to Index

history of Colonial Africa | central Africa

Central Africa

history of Colonial Africa | North Africa

North Africa

history of Colonial Africa | southern Africa

Southern Africa

history of Colonial Africa | southern Africa | society

Southern Africa: Society

history of Colonial Africa | southern Africa | power

Southern Africa: Power

history of Colonial Africa | southern Africa | colonization

Power: Colonization

Moshoeshoe

Power: Moshoeshoe

history of Colonial Africa | West Africa

West Africa

Up to Index

Samples



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