History of Ancient Egypt

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Perspective
The history of ancient Egypt has it that “All men fear time, but time fears the pyramids.” Indeed, the Great Pyramids at Giza are but the cornerstone of an astonishing architectural heritage on display throughout the great length (but slender breadth) of the River Nile. As part of this, Egypt gave us a wealth of tomb treasures and mystical literature. For example, its poetry is as subtle as the pyramids are grand, and the Book of the Dead guided spirits on their journey to the Isles of the Blessed. As a matter of fact, Egyptian religion was filled with deities that included sun gods, river and land gods, animal gods, and sacred plants.
Life was harsh for the slave labor force that built the dreams of the master builders. In contrast, life for peasants was more benign, and crops flourished in the rich delta soil, renewed each year by the gentle and predictable flooding of the Nile. As a result, Egypt’s urban dwellers enjoyed peace and prosperity (and many indulgent practices). What’s more, it enjoyed security, thanks to the vast stretches of desert that insulated and protected Egypt. In this way, the centuries went by as pharaohs held sway over a civilization that looked to them as the arbiters of the universal clockwork-mechanism that would always provide, much as the Nile did. But eventually, the relative stability of the Old and Middle Kingdoms gave way to foreign adventure and a taste for empire. This brought conflict and conquest by the Hyksos and Sea People, and the ruin of this magnificent civilization.
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Index
Ancient Egypt Index | Society • Prehistoric Egypt • Cities • Alexandria • Class • Clothing • Daily Life • Peasants • Wealth • Environment • Family • Manners and Customs • Personal Appearance • Public Health • Women: Beauty • Status • Love | Culture • Architecture • Design • Sites • Pyramids • Great Pyramids • Tombs • Art • Artists • Jewelry • Minor Arts • Egyptology • Language • Learning • Literature: Development • Fragments | Philosophy | Sculpture | Writing | Religion: Ikhnaton • Beliefs • Deities • Main Gods • Lesser Gods • Sky Gods • Sun Gods • River and Land Gods • Sacred Plants • Animal Gods | Power: Framework • Governance • Law • Old Kingdom • Middle Kingdom • First Intermediate Period • Twelfth Dynasty • Second Intermediate Period • Empire | Economy: Agriculture • Credit • Engineering • Exchange • Industry • Metallurgy • Minerals • Slavery

Ancient Egypt: Index
Society

Society

Society: Pre-Historic Egypt

Society: Cities

Cities: Alexandria

Society: Class

Society: Clothing

Society: Daily Life

Daily Life: Peasants

Society: Wealth

Society: Environment

Society: Family

Society: Manners and Customs

Society: Personal Appearance

Society: Public Health

Society: Women

Women: Beauty

Women: Status

Women: Love
Culture

Culture

Culture: Architecture

Architecture: Design

Architecture: Sites

Architecture: Pyramids

Pyramids: Great Pyramids of Giza

Tombs

Culture: Art

Art: Artists

Art: Jewelry

Art: Minor Arts

Culture: Egyptology

Culture: Language

Culture: Learning

Culture: Literature

Literature: Development

Literature: Fragments

Culture: Philosophy

Culture: Sculpture

Culture: Writing
Religion

Religion

Religion: Ikhnaton

Religion: Beliefs

Religion: Deities

Deities: Main Gods

Deities: Lesser Gods

Deities: Sky Gods

Deities: Sun Gods

Deities: River and Land Gods

Deities: Sacred Plants

Deities: Animal Gods
Power

Power

Power: Framework

Power: Governance

Power: Law

Power: Old Kingdom

Power: Middle Kingdom

Power: First Intermediate Period

Middle Kingdom: Twelfth Dynasty

Power: Second Intermediate Period

Power: Empire
Economy

Economy

Economy: Agriculture

Economy: Credit

Economy: Engineering

Economy: Exchange

Economy: Industry

Economy: Metallurgy

Economy: Minerals

Economy: Slavery
