History of Religion in Japan (Members Only)

A large, traditional red torii gate stands in the water near the shore, with mountains, trees, and blue sky with clouds in the background. The gate’s reflection appears on the calm surface of the water.

History of Religion in Japan

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Perspective

Our digital history of religion in Japan deals primarily with Shintoism and Buddhism, and many Japanese people practice both simultaneously. As many as 80% of the populace practice Shinto rituals at least occasionally, worshiping ancestors and nature spirits at altars and shrines. About as many describe themselves as Buddhists. This unique Japanese genius for syncretism is manifest throughout Japanese religious practice.

As many as 80% of the populace follow Shinto rituals to some degree, worshiping ancestors and spirits at domestic altars and public shrines. An almost equally high number is reported as Buddhist. Syncretic combinations of both, known generally as shinbutsu-shūgō, are common. They represented Japan’s dominant religious practice before the rise of State Shinto in the 19th century.

Spirituality and worship are highly eclectic and personalized, and religious affiliation is an alien notion. While the vast majority of Japanese citizens follow Shinto, only some 3% identify as such, because the term is understood to imply membership of Shinto sects. While some people identify as “without religion”, this does not signify irreligion. The rhetoric of non-religiousness (mushūkyō) and its associations with Japanese identity have roots in the early modern Tokugawa state policy against Christianity. More than two-thirds of Japanese say they do not believe in any religion.

The most common attributes of religion in contemporary Japan are an emphasis on rites and practices over doctrines, as well as a concern for worldly benefits and well-being.

That said, here’s our assortment… please enjoy! When you’re done perusing a map, click the ⇠ back arrow link in the upper left of your screen (not the < link), and you’ll be back here. Any problems, please get in touch at terrence@wisdommaps.info.

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Index

Religion | Buddhism | Shinto | Religion in the Heian Period | Religion in the Warring States Period | Religion in the Edo Period

A traditional Japanese wooden gazebo with a curved roof sits surrounded by lush green trees and shrubs in a garden setting.

Religion

A large bronze Buddha statue sits peacefully outdoors, partially framed by blooming cherry blossom branches under a clear sky.

Buddhism

A curved pathway lined with rows of vibrant orange torii gates featuring black Japanese inscriptions, with a traditional lantern hanging overhead. The stone path is bordered by rocks.

Shinto

A wooden statue of a seated Buddha in a meditative posture, with legs crossed and hands resting in the lap. The sculpture appears aged, with visible holes and wear on the surface.

Religion in the Heian Period

A traditional red torii gate stands in the water, with a small wooden boat and people underneath it, set against a misty background.

Religion in the Warring States Period

A historical painting depicting a group of people being crucified on wooden crosses, with onlookers and mourners gathered below in a somber outdoor setting.

Religion in the Edo Period

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A sketch of a male figure with arms and legs outstretched in two superimposed positions, inscribed in a circle and square, known as Leonardo da Vincis Vitruvian Man.